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Tsuma-doi and Kamu-gatari

Article writtenOct.28th, 2020
The story of Ōkuninushi-no-kami exchanging poems of love.
Interpretation may vary depending on the historical materials
Interpretation may vary depending on the historical materials

Story

Tsuma-doi

Ōkuninushi-no-kami took Yagami-hime as a wife and welcomed her to his palace. However, fearing the jealous lawful wife Suseribime-no-mikoto, Yagami-hime left the baby born between Ōkuninushi-no-kami in between a fork of a tree and fled back to Inaba. The child is called Kimata-no-kami, or Mī-no-kami.

Another day, Ōkuninushi-no-kami went to Koshi-no-kuni to take Nunakawahime as a wife. Visiting Nunakawahime's house, Ōkuninushi-no-kami composed a poet from out side the door.

Yachihoko-no-kami was't able to take a wife in Yashima-no-kuni, but he heard that their is a wise and beautiful girl in Koshi-no-kuni and came all the way to see her. As he is rocking the door of the house the girl is sleeping in, still wearing his sword and his outerwear, the nue in the mountains begins chirping, the pheasants in the field begins crying, the cock in the yard begins crowing. How annoying, I should punish them to make them stop crying.

Then Nunakawahime answered from inside the house, without opening the door.

Yachihoko-no-kami, I am a girl like exhausted grass. My heart is like shorebirds on the beach, but eventually they would become yours, so please don't kill them. The sun will set on the mountain, and the night should come. You will smile like the morning sun, and touch my arms, white like a takuzuno, and my breast, fresh like light snow. Then, embracing each other, resting on each others arms, we should be able to stretch your legs and rest. So please don't rush this love, Yachihoko-no-kami.

Ōkuninushi-no-kami and Nunakawahime didn't meet this night, but met the next night and married.

Kamu-gatari

Ōkuninushi-no-kami had numerous love affairs. However, Suseribime-no-mikoto, his lawful wife, was stupendously jealous. The troubled Ōkuninushi-no-kami, when he was about to go to Yamato-no-kuni, composed a poem, with his hand on the saddle and his leg on the stirrup.

Wearing a gown black like a nubatama, I raised my arms, like a water bird looking it's own breast, to see how I look. But it doesn't match me, I should throw it away into the sea. Wearing a gown blue like a sonidori, I raised my arms, like a water bird looking it's own breast, to see how I look. But it doesn't match me, I should throw it away into the sea. Wearing a gown dyed with madder, I raised my arms, like a water bird looking it's own breast, to see how I look. It it matches me. My dear wife, if I flew away in a crowd like flocking birds, you will say you would not cry. But you will cry drooping your head like a pampas grass on a mountain in the morning mist. My wife like fresh grass.

Then Suseribime-no-mikoto answered, holding a sake cup standing by Ōkuninushi-no-kami.

Yachihoko-no-kami, my Ōkuninushi-no-kami. You are a man, so you would take many wives like fresh grass, all over the country. But I am a woman, so I you are my only husband. Under the rustling of cloth with fluffy ayagaki, soft mushibusuma, and the takubusuma, you would touch my arms, white like a takuzuno, and my breast, fresh like light snow. Then, embracing each other, resting on each others arms, we should be able to stretch your legs. Please have this good sake.

The two gods exchanged cups of sake and promised an everlasting love, and the two are enshrined together until now. And this is called "Kamu-gatari".

Other wives of Ōkuninushi-no-kami

Ōkuninushi-no-kami married Tagirihime-no-mikoto in the Okutsugū in Munakata, begot Ajisukitakahikone-no-kami and Shitateruhime-no-mikoto between Tagirihime-no-mikoto.

Takahime-no-mikoto is also called Shitateruhime-no-mikoto, and Ajisukitakahikone-no-kami is now called Kamo-no-ōmikami.

Also, Ōkuninushi-no-kami married Kamuyatatehime-no-mikoto and begot Kotoshironushi-no-kami between Kamuyatatehime-no-mikoto, married Totori-no-kami, a daughter of Yashimamuji-no-kami and begot Torinarumi-no-kami between Totori-no-kami.

Vocabulary

Gods

Ōkuninushi-no-kami (大国主神)
Also called Yachihoko-no-kami (八千矛神).

Wives of Ōkuninushi-no-kami

Yagamihime (八上比売)
A goddess in Inaba, who married Ōkuninushi-no-kami the first.
Suseribime-nomikoto (須勢理毗売命)
Ōkuninushi-no-kami's lawful wife. Susanō-no-mikoto's daughter.
Nunakawahime (沼河比売)
A goddess in Koshi.
Tagirihime-no-mikoto (多紀理毘売命)
One of the three Munakata goddesses, born in the ukei of Amaterasu-ōmikami and Susanō-no-mikoto. The god of the 'road'. Enshrined in Munakata.
Kamuyatatehime-no-mikoto (神屋楯比売命)
No details written.
Totori-no-kami (鳥取神)
Yashimamuji-no-kami's daughter. No details written, but said to be the god of rituals.

Children of Ōkuninushi-no-kami

Kimata-no-kami (木俣神)
Ōkuninushi-no-kami and Yagamihime's child. Also called Mī-no-kami (御井神). Said to be the god of trees, or water.
Ajisukitakahikone-no-kami (阿遅鉏高日子根神)
Also called Kamo-no-ōmikami (迦毛大御神). Ōkuninushi-no-kami and Tagirihime-no-mikoto's child. The god of thunder, or agriculture.
Takahime-no-mikoto (高比売命)
Also called Shitateruhime-no-mikoto (下光比売命).Ōkuninushi-no-kami and Tagirihime-no-mikoto's child. The god of thunder.
Kotoshironushi-no-kami (事代主神)
Ōkuninushi-no-kami and Kamuyatatehime-no-mikoto's child. The god of oracle, or fishery. Often seen as the same as Ebisu.
Torinarumi-no-kami (鳥鳴海神)
Ōkuninushi-no-kami and Totori-no-kami's child. Said to be the god of rituals.

Other gods

Yashimamuji-no-kami (八島牟遅能神)
Totori-no-kami's father.

Places

Koshi-no-kuni (高志国)
The area between Fukui prefecture and Yamagata prefecture.
Yashima-no-kuni (八島国)
Another name for Japan.
Yamato-no-kuni (倭国)
Yamato province (大和国). Modern Nara prefecture.
Munakata (胸形)
Modern Munakata city, Fukuoka prefecture.
Okitsugū (奥津宮)
The Okitsugū of Munakata Taisha. Located on the island of Okinoshima.

Tools

Takuzuno (栲綱)
A rope made from the skin of mulberry trees.
Ayagagi (綾垣)
A kind of curtain, made of silk.
Mushibusuma (苧衾)
Bedclothes made of silk.
Takubusuma (栲衾)
Bedclothes made from the skin of mulberry trees.

Other terms

Tsuma-doi (妻問い)
Matrilocal marriage.
Nue (鵼)
Scaly thrush.
Nubatama (ぬばたま)
The black seed pods of a blackberry lily.
Sonidori (鴗鳥)
River kingfisher.
Kamu-gatari (神語り)
Exchanging poems of love.
Tōtsuyamasakitarashi-no-kami (十七世神)
17 generations of gods, those are descendants of Susanō-no-mikoto. However, there are only 15 god written.
Interpretation may vary depending on the historic material.
Interpretation may vary depending on the historic material.
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